TimeLine
November 11, 1918--World War I ends.
June 28, 1919--Germany signs the Treaty of Versailles with the Allies. A controversial provision of the treaty required Germany to take responsibility for causing World War I. Along with taking responsibility, Germany was required to disarm their military, make territorial concessions, as well as pay substantial reparations. The stipulations of The Treaty of Versailles have been perceived as overly severe and an attempt to punish Germany; furthermore, it is oftentimes regarded as a causal factor for the Holocaust and World War II.
January 10, 1920--The League of Nations is established.
April 5, 1920--Adolf Hitler joins the German Workers' Party.
January 8, 1923--Germany stops making reparations from WWI.
October 29, 1929--The economy crashes in the United States, causing the United States to withdraw loans to Germany. Consequentially, the German economy crashes again and unemployment rises.
January 30, 1933--Germany's President Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Chancellor.
February 22, 1933--An auxiliary police force of 50,000 is established. The police force becomes known as S.S.
March 20, 1933--The S.S. open Dachau, a concentration camp outside of Munich.
April 1, 1933--Jewish owned businesses are boycotted.
May 10, 1933- books written by Jews and political dissidents were publically burned.
July 14, 1933-- East European Jewish immigrants were legally excluded of German citizenship.
August 2, 1934--Adolf Hitler claims himself Fuhrer, and armed forces must swear allegiance to him.
September 15, 1935--First anti-Jewish racial laws ("Nuremberg laws") enacted. Jews are no longer considered German citizens. Jews cannot marry Aryans, nor can they fly the German flag.
July 12, 1936--Sachsenhausen concentration camp opens.
July 15, 1937--Buchenwald concentration camp opens.
November 9-10, 1938--Kristallnacht (the night of broken glass). A wave of violent and destructive anti-Jewish pogroms broke out in Germany and areas in Austria and Czechoslovakia where Jewish-owned businesses and homes were destroyed.
November 12, 1938--A decree forcing all Jews to transfer retail businesses to Aryan hands is passed.
September 1, 1939--Germany invades Poland, commencing World War II with Britain and France on September 3.
October 12, 1939--Germany begins the deportation of Austrian and Czech Jews to Poland.
October 28, 1939--The first Polish ghetto is established in Piotrkow.
November 23,1939--Jews in German-occupied Poland are forced to wear an arm band or yellow star, signifying being Jewish.
May 20,1940--Auschwitz concentration camp is established.
June 4, 1940--Neuengamme concentration camp opens.
June 22, 1940--France surrenders to German forces.
September 20, 1940--Breendonck concentration camp opens in Belgium.
November 16, 1940--Warsaw Ghetto is sealed, containing 500,000 people.
June 22, 1941--Germany invades the Soviet Union.
September 28-29, 1941--Mobile killing police units, Einsatzgruppen, shoot about 34,000 Jews outside of Kiev.
November 7, 1941--Einsatzgruppen kill 13,000 Jews from the Minsk ghetto.
November 30, 1941--Einsatzgruppen shoot 10,000 Jews from the Riga ghetto in the Rumbula Forest.
October, 1941--Auschwitz II (Birkenau) is established for the extermination of Jews, Gypsies, Poles, Russians, and others.
December 7, 1941--Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The United States declares war on December 8.
December 8, 1941--German forces begin the first killing operations in occupied Poland.
December 11, 1941--Germany declares war on the United States.
March 27, 1942--More than 65,000 Jews from Paris (and surrounding areas) are deported to concentration camps (primarily Auschwitz).
July 15, 1942--More than 100,000 Jews from the occupied Netherlands are deported and forced into concentration camps (primarily Auschwitz)
July 22, 1942--More than 300,000 Jews are deported from the Warsaw ghetto and taken to the Treblinka killing center.
March 19, 1944--Germany occupies Hungary.
May 15, 1944--440,000 Jews from Hungary are deported.
June 6, 1944--Allied forces invade Normandy, France (D-Day).
January 18, 1945--Approximately 60,000 prisoners from Auschwitz are forced on a "death march."
January 25, 1945--Nearly 50,000 prisoners from the Sutthof camp are forced on a "death march."
January 27, 1945--Soviet forces liberate Auschwitz concentration camp complex.
April 8, 1945--Liberation of Buchenwald.
April 15, 1945--Liberation of Bergen-Belsen.
April 22, 1945--Liberation of Sachsenhausen.
April 23, 1945--Liberation of Flossenburg.
April 29, 1945--American troops liberate Dachau concentration camp.
April 30, 1945--Adolf Hitler commits suicide.
May 7, 1945--Germany surrenders to the Western Allies.
May 9, 1945--Germany surrenders to the Soviet powers.
June 28, 1919--Germany signs the Treaty of Versailles with the Allies. A controversial provision of the treaty required Germany to take responsibility for causing World War I. Along with taking responsibility, Germany was required to disarm their military, make territorial concessions, as well as pay substantial reparations. The stipulations of The Treaty of Versailles have been perceived as overly severe and an attempt to punish Germany; furthermore, it is oftentimes regarded as a causal factor for the Holocaust and World War II.
January 10, 1920--The League of Nations is established.
April 5, 1920--Adolf Hitler joins the German Workers' Party.
January 8, 1923--Germany stops making reparations from WWI.
October 29, 1929--The economy crashes in the United States, causing the United States to withdraw loans to Germany. Consequentially, the German economy crashes again and unemployment rises.
January 30, 1933--Germany's President Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Chancellor.
February 22, 1933--An auxiliary police force of 50,000 is established. The police force becomes known as S.S.
March 20, 1933--The S.S. open Dachau, a concentration camp outside of Munich.
April 1, 1933--Jewish owned businesses are boycotted.
May 10, 1933- books written by Jews and political dissidents were publically burned.
July 14, 1933-- East European Jewish immigrants were legally excluded of German citizenship.
August 2, 1934--Adolf Hitler claims himself Fuhrer, and armed forces must swear allegiance to him.
September 15, 1935--First anti-Jewish racial laws ("Nuremberg laws") enacted. Jews are no longer considered German citizens. Jews cannot marry Aryans, nor can they fly the German flag.
July 12, 1936--Sachsenhausen concentration camp opens.
July 15, 1937--Buchenwald concentration camp opens.
November 9-10, 1938--Kristallnacht (the night of broken glass). A wave of violent and destructive anti-Jewish pogroms broke out in Germany and areas in Austria and Czechoslovakia where Jewish-owned businesses and homes were destroyed.
November 12, 1938--A decree forcing all Jews to transfer retail businesses to Aryan hands is passed.
September 1, 1939--Germany invades Poland, commencing World War II with Britain and France on September 3.
October 12, 1939--Germany begins the deportation of Austrian and Czech Jews to Poland.
October 28, 1939--The first Polish ghetto is established in Piotrkow.
November 23,1939--Jews in German-occupied Poland are forced to wear an arm band or yellow star, signifying being Jewish.
May 20,1940--Auschwitz concentration camp is established.
June 4, 1940--Neuengamme concentration camp opens.
June 22, 1940--France surrenders to German forces.
September 20, 1940--Breendonck concentration camp opens in Belgium.
November 16, 1940--Warsaw Ghetto is sealed, containing 500,000 people.
June 22, 1941--Germany invades the Soviet Union.
September 28-29, 1941--Mobile killing police units, Einsatzgruppen, shoot about 34,000 Jews outside of Kiev.
November 7, 1941--Einsatzgruppen kill 13,000 Jews from the Minsk ghetto.
November 30, 1941--Einsatzgruppen shoot 10,000 Jews from the Riga ghetto in the Rumbula Forest.
October, 1941--Auschwitz II (Birkenau) is established for the extermination of Jews, Gypsies, Poles, Russians, and others.
December 7, 1941--Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The United States declares war on December 8.
December 8, 1941--German forces begin the first killing operations in occupied Poland.
December 11, 1941--Germany declares war on the United States.
March 27, 1942--More than 65,000 Jews from Paris (and surrounding areas) are deported to concentration camps (primarily Auschwitz).
July 15, 1942--More than 100,000 Jews from the occupied Netherlands are deported and forced into concentration camps (primarily Auschwitz)
July 22, 1942--More than 300,000 Jews are deported from the Warsaw ghetto and taken to the Treblinka killing center.
March 19, 1944--Germany occupies Hungary.
May 15, 1944--440,000 Jews from Hungary are deported.
June 6, 1944--Allied forces invade Normandy, France (D-Day).
January 18, 1945--Approximately 60,000 prisoners from Auschwitz are forced on a "death march."
January 25, 1945--Nearly 50,000 prisoners from the Sutthof camp are forced on a "death march."
January 27, 1945--Soviet forces liberate Auschwitz concentration camp complex.
April 8, 1945--Liberation of Buchenwald.
April 15, 1945--Liberation of Bergen-Belsen.
April 22, 1945--Liberation of Sachsenhausen.
April 23, 1945--Liberation of Flossenburg.
April 29, 1945--American troops liberate Dachau concentration camp.
April 30, 1945--Adolf Hitler commits suicide.
May 7, 1945--Germany surrenders to the Western Allies.
May 9, 1945--Germany surrenders to the Soviet powers.